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On March 25, 2007 marked 200 years after the act of abolition of slavery in the United Kingdom. This law brought an end to more than 250 years ago by a cruel and barbaric trade in 15 million Africans in this period from Their country of origin, which were then being forced to strike on plantations in the West Indies working to meet the ever increasing demand for cheap labor.
In this study, we will first look at British involvement in the slave trade,View of the main reasons for both in economic and sociological. Secondly, we view the factors for the abolition of the slave trade, in particular the efforts of individuals such as William Wilberforce, Granville Sharp and Thomas Clarkson and the efforts of pressure groups such as religious groups, evangelical and Quaker are made. Finally, the impact of the slave trade and the legacy that apply to the UK and hadAfrica.
The history of the slave trade and the participation of Great Britain dates back to 1562, compared to Portuguese and Spanish, the English "late starter" in the slave trade were, but certainly not least in the spread of slavery in 17 and 18th Centuries. The English adventurer and slave trader Sir John Hawkins, a merchant of Plymouth, was born probably the first person to use the term "used human cargo", when he took during his first 300 African slave tradeVenture. Other people prefer the term "property to use. It can be seen as the beginning of 1562, the British were seen to be seen together with the European African counterparts with very little attention and even then not" human ". The British African cultural practices as non-Christian, although it has been argued that Christianity has reached parts of Africa, as in the second century AD in Africa were considered by the British brand as "two legged beasts" or "savages" who are not entirely animals butcertainly is not human. It can be argued that Christian values were the British at this point a central justification for the slave trade. On the historical development of black and author Richard Reddie says that many Christians linked to skin color in Africa, evidence of sin so black was the connection with sin and the devil, and that the word "black" is always a loaded term English much negativity. "One can therefore say thatThe English saw Africans as not worthy of human being or be treated as such. Therefore, any use of Africans for forced labor, based on biblical passages interpreted Miss be justified.
European intellectuals as Johann Friedrich Blumenbach helped to reinforce prejudices about Africa, so that slavery no longer acceptable. His views were that the Africans were the lowest of all races. Edward Long of British colonial officials a book (published historyJamaica), noting that Africans were ugly and more in common with monkeys that the white men.
Although Hawkins is back probably the most important figure for the introduction of the slave trade in the UK even further back to when Captain Thomas Windham 1553.This, a shipment of 140 people to the coast of Guinea, led to the search 'gold. 100 of her crew died of "Bite of Benin, while on expedition. This led to a further shipment of John Lok brought to the coast of Guineathe following year, large quantities of gold, ivory, and won dozens of Africans captured. African slaves brought the first Elizabethan parade crowds. Elizabeth was the first first against this and demanded the release of slaves, though she was not against slavery.
The Africans were captured by Sir John Hawkins replaced on the north coast of Hispaniola, and returned to England with a cargo ship animal skins and sugar. The applicationSlaves award was so Sir John Hawkins was able to craft a good, safe with the Spanish. Queen Elizabeth for the first time saw the potential of slavery and how it might profit from the following items that he brought. Hawkins gave a ship, its business, which was also armed and capable of destroying any opposition to continue the expedition. We can therefore conclude that the main motivation was purely financial participation in the British slave trade. This coupled with thepre-conceived idea that Africans were "an inferior race thick lipp'd slave made the slave trade, justified in the eyes of the ruling class elite.
Only in the 17th Century during the reign of Charles II that British slavery was fully involved. Previously, Britain had its own colonies in America. It could be argued that the profitability of slavery by the European rivals like the Spanish and Portuguese reasoned reached Britainfor possession of the islands in the West Indies during the expansion of the British Empire. Africans provided cheap labor to collect the plantations, sugar and cotton to fuel expansion in the UK. It 'was immediately clear that the higher the plantation could produce more sugar leading to higher profits, so that more Africans.
There are three main reasons for the abolition of slavery. The first is the humanitarian, politics is the second and thirdeconomic. The lighting is used once at a point in Western philosophy and cultural life in the eighteenth century.During this period has seen great changes take place with the rebellion that led to describe centered in America in the war of independence. Old ideas were challenged and questioned, in particular religion, logic and reason (without resorting to religion) approved as a major source of legitimacy and authority. The Enlightenment led to a new set of"Intellectual thinker", a view that humanitarian action with reference to the slave trade.
The best-known humanitarian, the importance of abolition of slavery was William Wilberforce, a British politician and leader of the anti-slavery. William Wilberforce was a religious man, who later converted into fledgling evangelical Christian movement. In 1787 William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson and met a group of anti-slavery, Wilberforce was activists.Williamgiven credit to the person, abolish slavery, but he deserves credit alone? It can be argued that Thomas Clarkson was perhaps more instrumental in the anti-slavery. Thomas Clarkson was traveling, the Committee of the organizers. He held to organize about 35,000 miles on horseback in 1787 in England, Scotland and Wales local committees. He presented what he called "a bus full of sailors give" the witness wouldbefore Parliament in relation to the barbaric nature of slavery.
Granville Sharp, more humane also played a role in bringing slavery to the attention of the public when in 1765 Jonathan Stark, a black man came to his house after being beaten by his teacher, David Isle. Sharp took Jonathan Stark in the hospital, where it took four months for him to recover. After his recovery, David conquered Isle of him. Granville Sharp subsequently mounted a legal case arguing that, as he was notBarbados and England was no longer a slave, but free. The court decision in favor of Strong, creating a precedent and create large amounts of publicity for the anti-slavery.
Quakers were the first religious group to speak against slavery. The Quakers were the first to argue that Africans were made in the image of God In the 18 Century, was the Quakers were 20 000 live in the UK. The first meeting was held in 1787 inLondon and included 12 members of the abolition of influential including Thomas Clarkson. Follow-up meetings for the coming year were continued and funded by prominent Quaker merchants and traders. The Quakers themselves were not particularly influential religious simply because of prejudices that existed against dissidents. It has an alliance with Anglicans and Protestants, a fierce resistance to slavery.
Economic factors were influential inAbolition of slavery. Britain's economy is changing and becoming more during the industrial revolution, industrial countries, such as iron and coal were always more profitable for Britain. Britain simply no longer need to make money in the Caribbean.
Political factors also contributed to the abolition of slavery. The slaves were beginning to Haiti against their slavery in some parts of the Caribbean. The revolution of slaves is often described as the"Santo Domingo War of Independence." The revolution in Haiti was very significant because, under Article obvious that black revolt would lead to true freedom. This inspired similar revolts in other islands, such as the news of revolution in a hurry. In Jamaica alone, were two major wars and six Maroon revolts. In 1730, he fought the Maroons led by Cudjoe war nine years with the cost of British English in costly losses.
The impact was that slaveryBritain has been varied. This can best be described in terms of social and economic impact. to help the economic impact, the UK now range through the development of the economy further with the trade in such products as cotton and sugar. This has affected the culture of Britain, for example, the British began more than a consumer society, especially the rich, sweet, sugar and tobacco, especially if purchased for more smoked in pipes. Other economic dataImpact was the formation of some banks such as Barclays, which links have been created in slavery. slave traders and Arthur Benjamin Heywood Heywoods Bank founded in 1773 based on profits derived from slave trade. Plantations have been with loans from banks in Heywoods. Heywoods Bank was acquired by Martins Bank in 1883, which was by Barclays in 1968.
Social impact of slavery is probably the most important and damaging to the economic impact in comparison.This is essentially the creation of racism against the African population, not just in Britain but in America, France, Spain has been lived, and Portugal to name a few. misconceptions about the African population to "wild beasts" and "worse than white men" during the 17th and 18th century for civil rights demonstrations in 1960 in the United States under the leadership of Martin Luther King, who were pressed for equal rights for black people out. Insettings like Britain maintained after slavery was completely extinct in Britain in 1838. This led to race riots in Britain has resulted in areas such as Birmingham and Manchester in 1960 and '70 after new waves of immigration from the West Indies. People like Enoch Powell has contributed to fear and distrust for the dissemination of African immigration during his famous "rivers of blood speech" in 1968.
Other social effects were that Africa was robbed of about 15 million of the population about theSlave trade 300 years ago, where Britain has played a significant role. The arms trade, the African kings in exchange for African slaves by western Europeans in the 17th and 18th Century was an important factor in causing war between the neighboring African countries leading to the deaths of thousands of Africans.
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